Gum disease affects nearly half of all adults in the United States. Mild cases are common and treatable with adjustments to oral hygiene routines. Left untreated, gum disease can progress and lead to more serious health complications. Here is more information on this condition, including its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an inflammation of the gums. It is typically caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. The condition has two main stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis is the earliest and mildest form of gum disease. It is characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is reversible with professional treatment and good at-home oral care.
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis. In this more severe stage, the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected. The body’s immune response to this infection, along with the bacterial toxins, begins to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place, potentially leading to tooth loss.
What Causes It?
The primary cause of this disease is the buildup of plaque. When plaque is not removed through daily brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, also known as calculus. Tartar cannot be removed by brushing alone and requires professional cleaning by a dental professional. Other risk factors include poor oral hygiene habits, smoking or chewing tobacco, and genetic predisposition.
What Are the Symptoms?
Recognizing the symptoms is the first step toward seeking treatment. In the early stage of gingivitis, individuals may notice that their gums are red, swollen, or tender. Gums may also bleed during brushing or flossing.
As the disease progresses to periodontitis, other symptoms may appear. These include:
- Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
- Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
- Painful chewing or changes in the way teeth fit together when biting
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is advisable to schedule a dental examination. A dental professional will assess your gum health and recommend the appropriate course of action.
How Is Overall Health Affected?
The health of your gums has a direct impact on your overall health. The bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream and travel to other parts of the body. There may also be a connection between gum disease and other health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Managing this condition is a valuable component of maintaining your overall well-being.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. For gingivitis, treatment typically involves professional cleaning and guidance on proper at-home oral hygiene practices. This can reverse the inflammation and restore gum health.
For periodontitis, more advanced treatments may be necessary. Scaling and root planing is a deep-cleaning procedure where a dental specialist removes plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line. The LANAP® protocol (laser-assisted new attachment procedure) is a specific technique that uses a laser to treat periodontitis. This procedure can remove infected tissue and help the body regenerate bone and tissue.
Consult a Dental Specialist Today
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments for gum disease is a step toward protecting your oral and overall health. From professional cleanings to more advanced procedures, there are effective ways to manage this condition. If you are experiencing symptoms of gum disease or have concerns about your oral health, contact a dental professional.
